High-speed unsteady flows past two-body configurations

This paper presents a detailed investigation of unsteady supersonic flows around a typical two-body configuration, which consists of a capsule and a canopy. The cases with different trailing distances between the capsule and canopy are simulated. The objective of this study is to examine the detailed effects of trailing distance on the flow fields and analyze the flow physics of the different flow modes around the parachute-like two-body model. The computational results show unsteady pulsating flow fields in the small trailing distance cases and are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. As the trailing distance increases, this unsteady flow mode takes different forms along with the wake/shock and shock/shock interactions, and then gradually fades away and transits to oscillate mode, which is very different from the former. As the trailing distance keeps increasing, only the capsule wake/canopy shock interaction is present in the flow field around the two-body model, which reveals that the unsteady capsule shock/canopy shock interaction is a key mechanism for the pulsation mode.     

超燃冲压发动机带凹槽的燃烧室流场振荡研究

为了分析闭式凹槽的流场振荡现象,结合试验和二维非定常数值模拟方法,开展了三种条件下的非定常研究.通过实验发现,长深比较大的凹槽作为超燃冲压发动机火焰稳定装置时,凹槽的冷流流场存在强烈的振荡现象.结合二维非定常数值模拟方法,初步分析了振荡机理:振荡的主要原因是燃烧室入口气流马赫数的大小,马赫数2.0条件下,流场周期振荡;马赫数3.0条件下,流场可以稳定存在.根据分析结果给出了流场特征与马赫数的定性依赖关系.通过增加隔离段长度的方法对分析结果进行了验证.     

用离子束辅助蒸发工艺镀制高性能硫化锌红外增透膜

介绍了用离子束辅助蒸发工艺在高折射率锗（Ge）基片上镇制的高性能硫化锌（ZnS）红外增透膜（也称红外减反射膜）及其工艺的研制，通过与常规热蒸发工艺镀制的硫化锌增透膜的性能相比较，证实了离子束辅助蒸发技术对提高硫化锌红外增透膜的光学特性、膜层品质及改变薄膜的结构和应力状态有良好的效果。试验表明用该技术镀制高性能硫化锌红外增透膜能满足长寿命、高可靠卫星红外地球敏感器的使用要求。     

尾迹对低压涡轮端区非定常流动影响的数值研究

为提高尾迹对涡轮端区二次流影响的认识,利用尾迹降低端区损失,采用了数值模拟的方法对T106A非定常工况下的叶栅流动进行模拟,辅以实验进行校核。以上游尾迹对端区附面层的抬升作用和上游尾迹对叶栅通道前部涡系结构的破坏作用为切入点,分析尾迹对端区二次流非定常发展过程的影响。研究发现尾迹中心离开叶栅通道时,尾迹对叶栅端区二次流起抑制作用;当尾迹尾部离开叶栅通道时,尾迹卷起的轮毂附面层激励了端区二次流,使二次流更加活跃。     

Effects of wing locations on wing rock induced by forebody vortices

Previous studies have shown that asymmetric vortex wakes over slender bodies exhibit a multi-vortex structure with an alternate arrangement along a body axis at high angle of attack. In this investigation, the effects of wing locations along a body axis on wing rock induced by forebody vortices was studied experimentally at a subcritical Reynolds number based on a body diameter. An artificial perturbation was added onto the nose tip to fix the orientations of forebody vortices. Par-ticle image velocimetry was used to identify flow patterns of forebody vortices in static situations, and time histories of wing rock were obtained using a free-to-roll rig. The results show that the wing locations can affect significantly the motion patterns of wing rock owing to the variation of multi-vortex patterns of forebody vortices. As the wing locations make the forebody vortices a two-vortex pattern, the wing body exhibits regularly divergence and fixed-point motion with azimuthal varia-tions of the tip perturbation. If a three-vortex pattern exists over the wing, however, the wing-rock patterns depend on the impact of the highest vortex and newborn vortex. As the three vortices together influence the wing flow, wing-rock patterns exhibit regularly fixed-points and limit-cycled oscillations. With the wing moving backwards, the newborn vortex becomes stronger, and wing-rock patterns become fixed-points, chaotic oscillations, and limit-cycled oscillations. With fur-ther backward movement of wings, the vortices are far away from the upper surface of wings, and the motions exhibit divergence, limit-cycled oscillations and fixed-points. For the rearmost location of the wing, the wing body exhibits stochastic oscillations and fixed-points.     

基于Volterra级数的非线性非定常气动力降阶模型

发展了一种基于Volterra级数的非线性非定常气动力降阶模型。着重探讨了基于CFD／CSD耦合计算的Volterra核辨识方法。CFD／CSD耦合计算采用了一种简单的动网格快速生成方法，气动网格与结构网格节点间的物理信息交换采用一种改进的CVT方法。通过与CFD／CSD直接计算的结果对比，表明非定常气动力Volterra级数模型是一种效率高、精度好、能描述非线性、便于使用的降阶模型，特别适用于预测结构做非定常运动下的非定常气动力。     

基于预处理方法的冲压式翼伞非定常气动特性数值研究

开展绕冲压式翼伞内外一体化流场的二维、不可压、非定常数值模拟。采用预处理的双时间步长方法 ,研究了冲压式翼伞在有攻角飞行时阻力、升力的瞬态特性和非定常旋涡脱落对翼伞气动力的影响问题。气动力特性的计算值与实验结果吻合较好 ,并观察到升力和阻力在大攻角飞行中的周期性变化规律。同时流场的瞬态特性证实上翼面旋涡的发展与运动是导致翼伞气动力脉动的主要原因。计算发现在前缘切口的冲压作用下 ,翼伞内部的压力较高 ,气流几乎保持滞止 ,这是维持翼伞充气外形的主要原因。     

出口静子安装角对压气机/吊架干涉的影响

针对调整出口导流叶片来减小吊架对压气机流场影响的方法,采用非定常数值模拟和实验方法,对分离式和一体化式吊架进行了研究。分离式吊架情况下,对减小扰动的作用不明显;一体化式吊架情况下,通过适当调整出口导流叶片安装角可以有效地降低转子后的压力扰动,改善流场。该优化方法适合于一体化式吊架。     

超音速气流中横喷氢气自动着火与燃烧非定常过程的实验研究

进行了Ｍ＝２超音速流中横喷氢的自动着火及燃烧非定常过程实验研究，用高速纹影摄影、壁面动态和静态压力测量仪及壁温热电偶等进行了测量。得到了喷嘴后回流区壁压随时间的变化规律，以及壁压和壁面秒温升沿轴线的变化趋势。获得了来流空气总温和喷氢量对自动着火过程的影响。     

二维涡轮级的定常/非定常数值模拟

为了解定常与非定常计算差别对工程应用参考价值的影响，本文通过求争二维Navier-Stokes方程，针对一级涡轮叶栅分别进行了定常／非常数值模拟。结果发现，对于叶片表面压力分布，第一排导叶定常计算与非定常计算得到一致的结果，但是在动叶上差别较大，尤其在叶排小间距时。当叶排间距拉大后，定常计算结果趋近于非定常计算结果时间平均值。